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Ultrasound employs mechanical energy through sound waves to visualize structures within the body. This method utilizes high-frequency sound waves that are transmitted through the body. When these sound waves encounter various tissues and organs, they reflect back at different rates depending on the density and composition of the material. This reflection creates echoes that are captured and processed to form images of the internal structures.

The advantage of using sound waves is that they are safe and do not involve radiation, making them suitable for a variety of medical applications, including obstetrics and cardiology. The resolution of ultrasound images can vary based on factors such as frequency and the medium through which the ultrasound travels, but overall, the reliance on sound waves is fundamental to how ultrasound technology functions.

Other choices like thermal energy, electrical energy, or optical energy are not applicable in this context as they pertain to different modalities or technologies that do not utilize sound waves for imaging.